![]() ![]() Various recent scholars' estimates for the earliest stage of the text range from the 7th to 4th centuries BCE, with later stages extending up to the 3rd century CE. The Rāmāyaṇa narrates the life of Rama, the legendary prince of the Kosala Kingdom. The bulk of the Mahābhārata was probably compiled between the 3rd century BCE and the 3rd century CE, with the oldest preserved parts not much older than around 400 BCE. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or puruṣārtha (12.161). The Mahābhārata narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War, and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors. The Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyaṇa are the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. 3.3 Rejection by Mainstream Scholarship.3 Indigenous Aryans - '10,000 years in India'.
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